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The term—coined by Swedish architect Hans Asplund as "nybrutalism" and popularized by British architectural critic Reyner Banham in 1955—is not a reference to the arguably brutal nature of its appearance but a play on the French phrase for raw concrete, "béton brut. Brutalism is a style of architecture that lasted from the 1950s to the 1970s, characterized by simple, block-like, hulking concrete structures. Emerging from the modernist movement of the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, it originated in England and spread to the rest of the world shortly after.
History of Brutalist Architecture
His architectural style went through several phrases before he developed his final, Brutalist-inspired approach. Often inspiring strong emotions—both those of love and hate—Brutalist architecture remains one of the most divisive architectural styles of the modern age. “The style is characterized by raw, exposed concrete and bold geometric forms,” Mark Bittoni, principal of Bittoni Architects says. “You’ve certainly seen it before in many cultural and civic buildings built between the 1950s and ’70s.” With countless examples spanning countries and continents, the look has both historical significance and remains popular—particularly in residential design—today. In this guide from AD, discover the history and impact of Brutalism, study the controversial reactions to the look, and visit famous Brutalist buildings around the world.
What are the defining characteristics of Brutalist architecture?
Meanwhile the color palette of restrained greys and dark green was chosen for it requires less resin than lighter and brighter shades. "Perhaps the UK's finest example of modernist sacred architecture, Ronald Weeks has created an extraordinarily rich atmosphere in the Cathedral Church of Saints Peter and Paul, choosing form over liturgical function. "Sanctuaries assumed primordial cavern-like forms, reflecting the inherent qualities of earth and stone, while industrial and military architectural influences transformed church interiors into bunker-like shelters." "Traditional mediums of painting, craft, and sculpture, which once adorned medieval and baroque churches to elevate divine power and beauty, gave way to weightless abstract forms made possible by steel and reinforced concrete," he said. He explained that while early modernist churches adopted familiar rectangular or cross shapes, they quickly evolved to incorporate different geometries such as squares, circles and octagons.
Renzo Piano cultural centre
"This church reminds one of the vaulted medieval churches of France and Britain, yet its geometry and tunnelling light give it a timeless energy." "While the artwork and organ appear teleported from a previous century, the basilica's traditional frame is given a futurist interpretation using novel engineering." "Perhaps the most radical church in Austria, the building shows all the signs of a culture excited and influenced by the science fiction of the day. "Here the concept of incarnation is integrated through the abstraction of organic forms and geometry as a sacred message. The omnipresent roof structure serves as a conduit, forging a connection between the celestial and physical realms.
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This building has a distinctive, immediately recognizable profile, as a massive concrete cube rises over a kind of inverted ziggurat. Born in Hungary, Marcel Breuer began his career as a craftsman and designer in the Bauhaus. Renowned for his innovative tubular steel furniture inspired by the shape of bicycle handlebars, he went on to adapt his sense of sculptural form to architecture.
Dezeen Magazine
Hulme Crescents (1972) in Manchester was the largest of the streets-in-the-sky British projects, but suffered various design problems leading to its 1994 demolition. Many of these complexes became marked by neglect, failing maintenance, and crime, and faced public and critical antagonism in the 1970s and across subsequent decades, until a recent revival of critical and cultural good will. Alison and Peter Smithson, along with the photographer Nigel Henderson and the artist Eduardo Paolozzi, organized the 1953 Parallel of Life and Art exhibition at the London Institute for Contemporary Arts.
"The destruction of Breuer's Geller house feels like the Penn Station moment for modern homes"
The ground floor contains living, and dining room attached with a bathroom and a kitchen. The creativity of design is manifested in the terrace where you can see the whole view in front of you while you are enjoying your coffee in the first hours of morning. The churches in Sacred Modernity have sculptural concrete forms that break away from the mould of conventional churches, which typically have a floor plan in the shape of a cross.
Filmed by Edward Bishop of Stephenson/BishopFilms, it is one of a series of video tours of overlooked and unusual places in the city commissioned by the festival for its 2020 programme. Like a beached mighty whale, the mouth of this building gapes open, with no windows to be seen. Portholes are cut out along the elongated face of this unique house exterior as though it were a beached boat. Another textured concept, this time with matching boundary walls and garden fences. Glass volumes are set diagonally across from each other in the upper and lower stories, creating a visual balance of negative space around a concrete core. The roofline of this formidable structure ascends on either side, like a giant’s imperial staircase.
The films are part of the festival's diverse programme for 2020, which has been curated in response to the coronavirus pandemic and fewer buildings opening to the public as a result. Other interesting details that can be seen in the video include the tower block's community gardens, its bush-hammered concrete finishes and a service tower that is topped by a projecting boiler room. The majority of flats contain one or two bedrooms, however, there are also four four-bedroom maisonettes on the ground floor and 12 three-bedroom flats.
This terraced Japanese garden house, located in the suburbs of Kyiv, Ukraine, looks toward a garden view through a giant eye cut into its facade. The cubes and spheres are elevated like a hulking treehouse on a tremendous concrete framework. In the living room, a Noguchi lantern hangs above an array of Scandinavian modern seating. Architecture & Design is one of the most prominent online magazines striving to feed your imagination with a daily dose of architecture and related fields, as well as trying to unite all our magazine lovers orbiting in the sphere.
Le Corbusier described concrete as providing “incredible resources, variety, and a passionate plasticity” for architecture. Advanced modeling software allows architects to create complex curved and faceted brutalist-inspired shapes that would have been unbuildable decades ago. Digital fabrication methods like 3D printing and CNC milling permit new textural possibilities in concrete with intricate surface patterns. Technologies like vacuum forming and flexible formwork also facilitate flowing, sculptural concrete forms referencing brutalist monumentality in updated ways.
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